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For example, enforced degradation of PD-L1 may activate interferon signaling, leading to the upregulation of alternative immune checkpoint molecules [131]

The characteristics of glutathione are the following: (a) discovered by Hopkins in 1921 [67], (b) synthesized intracellularly by glutamate-cysteine ligase and glutathione synthetase [68], (c) exists in reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) forms, maintaining cellular redox balance [69], (d) functions in melanogenesis inhibition through tyrosinase suppression and pheomelanin synthesis [70], and (e) oral bioavailability is enhanced through liposomal formulations, S -acetyl derivatives, or co-administration with precursors [71]

Rational design and synthesis of the improved compound, ZZ2, demonstrated that these properties can be exploited to create more potent YPEL5-dependent c-Glues through structure-guided medicinal chemistry