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Oral doses used in animal studies are typically three to ten times higher than equivalent injectable doses to produce comparable systemic effects suggesting oral bioavailability in the range of 1030% relative to parenteral delivery.3 That does not mean oral BPC-157 is ineffective

On the other hand, for the L-NAME retrobulbar applicationinduced retinal ischemia model and BPC 157 therapy in rats, we should emphasize the point that animal studies per se may be cautious regarding their results, although the role of an animal model is indispensable (Minhas et al., 2015

It is also a strong argument that local concentration and delivery are the substance of the question, not an implementation detail

DOI: 10.17179/excli2017-828 59