A.Zadeh-TahmasebiM.RutterG
The brain is constituted by a preponderance of microglia and astrocytes, these glial cells are essential in the Central Nervous System (CNS), with microglia functioning as innate immune cells involved in surveillance and defense, while astrocytes modulate neuronal communication, maintain the extracellular environment, and regulate inflammatory signaling (Garland et al., 2022) Both brain cells are able to produce pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (Schwarz and Bilbo, 2012)
First, the risk profile of patients enrolled in the RCTs does not necessarily match that of patients for whom we are considering weighing the long-term benefits and potential harms
That makes it impossible to determine whether the medications themselves are driving the improvements or whether those changes are happening because of downstream effects, such as weight loss, better blood sugar control, or changes in daily life