429,485 Beyond cytokines, chemokines, and IFNs, PRR stimulation upregulates the expression of numerous genes in immune cells, including macrophages, DCs, and neutrophils
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.784046 18 HircheFFischerMKellerJEderK
This ingredient helps reduce excessive pigmentation by inhibiting the activation of melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin and it also has anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties 8
However, in animal studies, as an inhibitor of mitochondrial fission, it has demonstrated efficacy in managing cardiovascular disease and Alzheimers disease, further underscoring the critical role of mitochondria in the progression of diseases affecting the cardio-cerebral axis