Recent lichen-focused syntheses further emphasize that secondary metabolite classes characteristic of lichens, such as depsides, depsidones, and usnic-acid derivatives, may interfere with membrane integrity, urease-associated virulence, and biofilm-related pathways, thereby contributing to multi target antimicrobial profiles (Tian et al
Kearnery JN, Harnby D, Gowland G, et al
fungal infections respond in weeks, nutritional causes require dietary correction
It shows up more often, and stays longer, on Indian skin than on lighter skin tones, and it is one of the most common reasons people book a pigmentation consultation once their breakouts have already cleared, something covered in more depth in our guide on the different types of acne