For the electron flow assays, mitochondria were plated in MAS buffer with 10 mM pyruvate + 2 mM malate + 4 M FCCP followed by 20 M rotenone in port A, 100 mM succinate in port B, 40 M antimycin A in port C and 1 mM TMPD + 100 mM ascorbic acid in port D
Common adverse effects , particularly during dose escalation, include: Nausea (reported by 2050% of patients, usually mild to moderate) Vomiting, diarrhoea, or constipation Abdominal discomfort or bloating Reduced appetite (therapeutic effect, but may feel unusual initially) Fatigue or headache These effects typically diminish over several weeks as tolerance develops
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For tirzepatide, stopping at least one month before is widely recommended based on the drugs clearance time, though your provider may advise a longer window